Short vowel sound:
One vowel most of the time.
Long vowel sound:
Two vowels most of the time.
Diphthong vowel sound:
aw - ew - ow - oy au - ou - oi - oo
cook
three1 2
4
Created by Dick Briggs © 2013 - 2016 Permission is granted to copy/print for home or classroom use. Email: [emailprotected]
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Single
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10 /b/ (1) ab: blab cab crab dab drab flab gab grab jab lab nab scab slab stab tab11 /d/ (3) ad: AD bad cad Chad clad dad fad gad glad had lad mad pad sad scad shad tad add: ADD aid: plaid
12 /nd/(1) and: band bland brand gland grand hand land sand stand strand 13 /f/ (4) aff: chaff gaff quaff staff alf: calf half aph: graph augh: laugh14 /g/ (1) ag: bag brag crag drag lag gag hag jag lag nag rag sag shag slag snag stag swag tag wag
15 /ng/ (1) ang: bang clang fang gang hang pang rang sang slang sprang tang twang16 /k/ (3) ack: back black clack crack hack jack knack lack pack RACK quack SACK shack slack smack snack stack
tack thwack track whack WRACK ac: SAC ak: flak yak aque: plaque17 /lk/ (1) alc: talc 18 /nk/ (2) ank: bank blank clank crank dank drank flank FRANK hank lank plank rank sank shank shrank
spank stank swank tank thank yank anc: FRANC 19 /sk/ (1) ask: bask cask flask mask task 20 /l/ (2) al: gal pal all: shall 21 /m/ (2) am: am cam clam cram dam gram ham JAM lam ram scam scram sham slam spam swam tram yam
amb: JAMB lamb22 /sm/ (1) asm: chasm spasm
23 /n/ (1) an: ban bran can clan fan man pan plan ran scan tan than van 24 /p/ (1) ap: cap chap clap flap gap lap map nap RAP sap scrap slap snap strap tap trap WRAP yap zap
25 /lp/ (1) alp: scalp26 /mp/ (1) amp: camp champ clamp cramp damp lamp ramp scamp stamp tamp tramp vamp
27 /sp/ (1) asp: clasp gasp grasp hasp rasp 28 /t/ (2) at: bat brat cat chat drat fat flat gnat hat MAT pat rat sat scat slat spat splat sprat tat that vat atte: MATTE
29 /ft/ (1) aft: craft daft draft graft haft raft shaft30 /kt/ (1) act: act fact pact tact tract 31 /nt/ (2) ant: ANT cant chant grant pant pants plant rant scant slant aunt: AUNT32 /pt/ (1) apt: rapt33 /st/ (2) ast: blast CAST fast last mast past vast aste: CASTE
34 /nch/ (1) anch: blanch branch ranch stanch35 /tch/ (1) atch: batch catch hatch latch match patch scratch snatch thatch 36 /sh/ (1) ash: bash brash cash clash crash dash flash gash gnash hash lash mash rash sash slash smash splash stash
thrash trash
/j/1 ange flange
/s/2 ax ax fax flax lax
sax tax waxaxe axe
3 ance chancedance Franceglance lanceprance stancetrance
4 apse apse lapse5 as gas
assbass brass class crass glass grass lass mass pass sass
/v/6 ave HAVE
alve calveHALVEsalve
7 alve valve/z/
8 as hasazz jazz razz
/th/9 ath bath lath
math path wrath
Follow 1 vowel rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow 1 vowel rule
1
1
Page 2
Page 2
15 /b/ (2) eb: web ebb: ebb16 /d/ (3) ed: bed bled BRED fed fled LED RED shed shred sled sped wed
ead: BREAD dead dread head LEAD READ spread stead thread tread aid: said17 /ld/ (1) eld: held meld weld 18 /nd/ (2) end: bend blend end fend lend mend rend send spend tend trend vend wend
iend: friend19 /f/ (2) ef: chef clef ref eaf: deaf 20 /lf/ (1) elf: elf self shelf21 /g/ (2) eg: keg leg meg peg egg: egg22 /k/ (2) eck: beck check deck fleck heck neck peck speck wreck ek: trek
23 /lk/ (1) elk: elk24 /sk/ (1) esk: desk
25 /l/ (2) ell: bell cell dell dwell fell JELL knell quell sell shell smell spell swell tell well yell el: GEL26 /m/ (1) em: gem hem stem them
27 /lm/ (2) elm: elm helm ealm: realm 28 /n/ (2) en: Ben den fen glen hen ken men pen ten then WEN WHEN wren yen Zen een: BEEN 29 /p/ (1) ep: pep rep step
30 /lp/ (1) elp: help kelp whelp yelp31 /mp/ (1) emp: hemp
32 /t/ (2) et: bet fret get jet let met net pet set stet vet WET WHET yet eat: sweat threat 33 /ft/ (1) eft: cleft deft heft left theft weft 34 /kt/ (1) ect: sect 35 /lt/ (1) elt: belt dwelt felt knelt melt pelt smelt welt36 /nt/ (1) ent: bent CENT dent gent lent rent SCENT SENT spent tent vent went37 /pt/ (1) ept: crept kept slept swept wept38 /st/ (3) est: best blest chest crest jest lest nest pest quest rest test vest west wrest zest
east: breast uest: guest39 /kst/ (1) ext: next text
40 /lch/ (1) elch: belch squelch41 /nch/ (1) ench: bench clench drench French quench stench trench wench wrench42 /tch/ (1) etch: fetch RETCH sketch stretch vetch WRETCH43 /sh/ (1) esh: flesh fresh mesh thresh
/j/1 edge dredge edge hedge
ledge pledge sedgesledge wedge
/s/2 es yes
ess bless chess cress dress less mess press stress tress
uess guess3 else else4 ex /ks/ flex hex sex vex5 ence fence hence thence
whenceense dense sense tense
/v/6 ev rev7 elve delve shelve twelve
/z/8 ens lens9 ez fez
/th/10 eadth breadth 11 ealth health stealth
wealth12 ength length strength13 eath breath death14 epth depth
Follow 1 vowel rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow 1 vowel rule
1
1
Page 3
Page 3
15 /b/ (1) ib: bib crib fib glib jib squib rib16 /d/ (1) id: bid did grid hid kid lid mid quid squid rid skid slid
17 /ld/ (2) ild: GILD uild: build GUILD 18 /nd/ (1) ind: wind 19 /f/ (2) if: if iff: cliff miff riff skiff sniff stiff tiff whiff 20 /mf/ (1) ymph: lymph 21 /g/ (1) ig: big brig dig fig gig jig pig prig rig sprig swig twig wig22 /ng/ (1) ing: bing bring cling ding fling king ping RING sing sling spring sting string swing thing wing
WRING zing23 /k/ (2) ick: brick chick click flick hick kick lick nick pick quick rick SICK slick stick thick TICK trick wick
ic: SIC TIC24 /lk/ (1) ilk: bilk milk silk25 /nk/(3) ink: blink brink chink clink drink ink kink link mink pink rink shrink SINK slink stink think
wink inc: zinc ync: SYNC26 /sk/ (1) isk: brisk disk frisk risk whisk
27 /l/ (3) ill: bill chill dill drill fill frill gill GRILL hill ill kill mill pill quill rill shill shrill sill skill spill still swill thrill till trill twill will il: nil ille: GRILLE
28 /m/ (3) im: brim dim grim HIM prim rim scrim skim slim swim trim vim whim imb: limb ymn: HYMN 29 /lm/ (1) ilm: film 30 /zm/ (1) ism: prism schism
31 /n/ (2) in: bin chin din fin gin grin IN kin pin shin sin skin spin thin tin twin win inn: INN 32 /ln/ (1) iln: kiln
33 /p/ (2) ip: blip chip clip dip drip flip grip hip lip nip pip quip rip scrip ship sip skip slip snip strip tip trip whip yip zip yp: gyp
34 /mp/(1) imp: blimp chimp crimp imp limp primp scrimp shrimp skimp wimp 35 /sp/ (1) isp: crisp lisp wisp
36 /t/ (1) it: bit fit flit grit hit it kit knit lit nit pit quit sit skit slit spit split twit whit wit writ zit37 /ft/ (1) ift: drift gift lift rift shift sift swift thrift 38 /kt/ (1) ict: strict39 /lt/ (1) ilt: gilt hilt jilt kilt lilt quilt silt stilt tilt wilt40 /nt/ (1) int: flint glint hint lint mint print splint sprint squint stint tint41 /pt/ (2) ipt: script ypt: crypt 42 /st/ (2) ist: fist gist grist list mist schist twist whist wrist yst: cyst 43 /dst/ (1) idst: midst
44 /ch/ (1) ich: WHICH ditch glitch hitch itch pitch snitch stitch switch twitch WITCH 45 /lch/ (1) ilch: zilch46 /nch/ (2) inch: cinch clinch finch flinch inch pinch winch ynch: lynch
47 /sh/ (1) ish: dish fish swish squish wish
/j/1 idge bridge midge ridge2 ilge bilge3 inge binge cringe fringe
hinge singe tingetwinge
/s/4 ince mince prince since
wince quinceinse rinse
5 ix fix mix six yx pyx
6 inx jinx sphinx ynx lynx
7 is thisiss bliss hiss kiss miss
Swiss8 its grits its quits
itz blitz/v/
9 ive giveieve sieve
/z/10 is his is
iz quiz whiz izz fizz frizz
/th/11 idth width12 ifth fifth13 ilth filth 14 ith pith with
Follow 1 vowel rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow 1 vowel rule
1 igloo
1 igloo
Page 4
Page 4
8 /o/ (2) a: a schwa ah: ah shah9 /b/ (2) ob: blob bob cob fob glob gob job knob lob mob rob slob snob sob throb ab: swab
10 /d/ (3) od: clod cod God hod mod nod plod pod prod rod scrod shod sod trod odd: odd ad: squad quad wad11 /nd/ (2) ond: blond bond fond frond pond and: wand
12 /f/ (1) off: doff scoff off 13 /g/ (1) og: bog clog cog flog fog frog hog jog log slog smog tog (also found in SAW group) 14 /ng/ (1) ong: dong gong prong throng tong 15 /k/ (2) ock: block clock crock dock flock frock hock jock knock lock mock rock shock smock sock stock tock ok: wok
16 /nk/ (1) onk: conk honk 17 /l/ (1) oll: doll loll moll 18 /m/ (2) om: mom prom tom omb: bomb
19 /lm/ (1) alm: balm calm palm qualm20 /n/ (2) on: con don on an: swan wan 21 /p/ (2) ob: bop chop cop crop drop flop fop hop lop mop plop pop prop shop slop sop stop strop top ap: swap
22 /mp/ (2) omp: chomp pomp romp stomp amp: swamp23 /sp/ (1) asp: wasp
24 /t/ (4) ot: blot clot cot dot got hot jot KNOT lot NOT plot pot rot SCOT SCOTT shot slot snot spot tot trot at: squat swat att: watt acht: yacht
25 /ft/ (1) aft: waft 26 /nt/ (2) ont: font WONT ant: WANT27 /pt/ (1) opt: opt 28 /mpt/(1) ompt: prompt
29 /ch/ (2) otch: crotch scotch splotch atch: swatch watch30 /nch/ (1) onch: conch
31 /sh/ (2) osh: posh slosh ash: squash quash wash
/j/1 odge
dodgelodge
/s/2 ox box
fox lox ox phlox pox
3 oncesconce
/v/4 olve
solve
/z/5 onze
bronze
/TH/6 athe
swathe
/th/7 ath swath
Follow 1 vowel rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow 1 vowel rule
1
1
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Page5
12 /b/ (1) ub: club cub drub dub flub grub hub nub pub rub scrub shrub snub stub sub tub 13 /lb/ (1) bulb: bulb
14 /d/ (2) ud: bud cud dud mud scud spud stud suds thud ood: blood flood15 /nd/ (1) und: fund
16 /f/ (2) uff: bluff buff cuff fluff gruff huff muff puff ruff scruff scuff snuff stuff ough: tough 17 /lf/ (1) ulf: gulf
18 /g/ (1) ug: bug chug drug dug hug jug lug mug plug pug rug shrug slug smug snug thug tug 19 /ng/ (2) ung: clung dung flung hung lung rung slung sprung strung stung sung swung wrung oung: young 20 /k/ (1) uck: buck chuck cluck duck luck muck pluck puck shuck struck stuck suck truck tuck
21 /lk/ (1) ulk: bulk hulk skulk sulk 22 /nk/ (1) unk: bunk chunk drunk dunk flunk funk gunk hunk junk plunk punk shrunk skunk slunk spunk stunk
sunk trunk23 /sk/ (1) sk: dusk husk musk rusk tusk
24 /l/ (1) ull: cull dull gull hull lull mull null SCULL SKULL 25 /m/ (4) um: bum chum drum glum gum hum mum PLUM rum scum slum strum SUM swum
umb: crumb dumb numb PLUMB thumb om: from ome: come SOME26 /n/ (3) un: bun DUN fun gun NUN pun run shun spun stun SUN TUN
on: SON TON WON one: DONE NONE ONE 27 /p/ (1) up: cup pup up 28 /lp/ (1) ulp: gulp pulp
29 /mp/(1) ump: bump chump clump dump frump grump hump jump lump mumps plump pump rump slump stump sump thump trump ump
30 /sp/ (1) usp: cusp 31 /t/ (3) ut: BUT cut glut gut hut jut nut rut shut smut strut utt: BUTT mutt putt at: what
32 /ft/ (1) uft: tuft 33 /kt/ (1) duct: duct 34 /lt/ (1) ult: cult 35 /nt/ (2) unt: blunt brunt bunt grunt hunt punt runt shunt stunt ont: front36 /st/ (1) ust: bust crust dust gust just lust must rust thrust trust
37 /ch/ (2) uch: much such ouch: touch 38 /lch/ (1) ulch: gulch mulch39 /nch/ (1) unch: brunch bunch crunch hunch lunch munch punch40 /tch/ (1) utch: clutch crutch Dutch hutch
41 /sh/ (1) ush: blush brush crush flush gush hush lush mush plush rush slush thrush
/j/1 udge
budge drudgefudge grudgejudge nudgesludgesmudgetrudge
2 ungegrunge lungeplunge
onge sponge/s/
3 ux crux flux4 unce dunce
once once5 ulse pulse6 us bus plus pus
thus ususs fuss muss
truss/v/
7 of ofove
dove loveglove shove
/z/8 does 9 was
10 klutz 11 buzz
Follow 1 vowel rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow 1 vowel rule
1
1
Page 6
Page 6
9 /ā/ (5) ay: bay bray clay day dray flay fray gay GRAY HAY jay LAY may NAY pay play PRAY ray saySLAY spay splay spray stay stray sway TRAY WAY
ea: yea ei: LEI eigh: NEIGH SLEIGH WEIGH ey: GREY HEY PREY they TREYWHEY
10 /d/ (2) ade: bade blade fade glade grade jade MADE shade spade trade wade aid: aid braid laid MAID paid raid
11 /f/ (2) afe: chafe safe strafe aif: waif12 /g/ (1) ague: plague vague13 /k/ (3) ake: bake BRAKE cake drake fake flake lake make quake rake sake shake slake snake STAKE
take wakeache: ache eak: BREAK STEAK
14 /l/ (3) ale: ALE BALE dale gale HALE kale MALE PALE SALE scale shale stale TALE VALE WALE WHALE
ail: AIL BAIL fail flail frail HAIL jail MAIL nail PAIL quail rail SAIL snail TAIL trail WAILeil: VEIL
15 /m/ (2) ame: blame came dame fame flame game lame name same shame tame aim: claim maim
16 /n/ (4) ane: bane cane crane LANE MANE PANE PLANE sane VANE WANE ain: brain chain drain gain grain LAIN MAIN PAIN PLAIN RAIN slain Spain sprain stain strain
swain train VAIN WAINeign: deign feign REIGN ein: rein skein VEIN
17 /p/ (2) ape: ape cape drape gape grape nape scrape shape tape epe: crepe18 /t/ (5) ate : ATE crate date fate GATE GRATE hate late mate pate plate rate skate slate spate state
ait: bait GAIT STRAIT WAITeight: EIGHT freight WEIGHTaight: STRAIGHTeat: GREAT
19 /nt/ (1) aint: faint paint plaint quaint saint taint20 /st/ (2) aste: baste haste paste taste WASTE aist: WAIST
/j/1 age cage gage page rage
sage stage wageauge gauge
2 ange change grangerange strange
/s/3 ace ace brace face grace
lace mace pace place race space trace
ase base case chase vase4 aipse traipse
/v/5 ave brave cave crave gave
grave knave pave rave save shave slave stave WAVE
aive WAIVE /z/
6 aise braise chaise praise RAISE
ase phaseaize MAIZEaze blaze craze daze faze
gaze glaze graze haze laze MAZE RAZE
/TH/ 7 lathe
/th/ 8 faith
Follow 2 vowel long rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow 2 vowel long rule
2
2
Page 7
Page 7
7 /ē / (5) e: be he she WE ea: FLEA pea plea SEA TEAee: bee fee FLEE free glee knee lee SEE spree TEE thee three tree WEEi: ski ey: key
8 /b/ (2) eeb: dweeb ebe: grebe9 /d/ (3) ead: KNEAD lead plead READ ede: CEDE Swede
eed: bleed breed creed deed feed freed greed heed KNEED NEED REED SEED speed tweed weed 10 /ld/ (1) ield field shield wield yield
11 /f/ (3) eaf: leaf sheaf eef: beef reef ief: brief chief grief thief 12 /g/ (1) eague: league 13 /k/ (6) eak: beak bleak CREAK freak LEAK PEAK sneak speak squeak streak teak tweak WEAK wreak
eek: cheek CREEK geek Greek LEEK meek PEEK reek seek sleek WEEKeik : sheik eke: ekeiek: shriek ique: PIQUE
14 /l/ (3) eal: deal HEAL meal PEAL REAL seal squeal STEAL teal veal WEAL zealeel: creel eel feel HEEL keel kneel PEEL REEL STEEL WHEELiel: spiel
15 /m/ (3) eam: beam cream dream gleam ream scream SEAM steam stream TEAMeme: scheme theme eem: deem SEEM TEEM
16 /n/ (4) ean: bean clean dean glean JEAN LEAN MEAN weaneen: green keen peen preen queen screen seen sheen spleen teenene: GENE SCENE ien: LIEN MIEN
17 /t/ (4) eat: BEAT bleat cheat cleat eat FEAT heat MEAT neat peat pleat seat treat wheateet: BEET FEET fleet greet MEET sheet skeet sleet street SWEET tweet ete: METE uite: SUITE
18 /st/ (2) east: beast east feast least yeast iest: priest19 /p/ (2) eap: cheap heap leap reap
eep: beep bleep CHEEP creep deep jeep keep peep seep sheep sleep steep sweep weep20 /ch/ (2) each: BEACH bleach BREACH each LEACH peach preach reach teach
eech: BEECH BREECH LEECH screech speech21 /sh/ (1) eash: leash
/j/ 1 iege siege
/s/2 ease cease crease
grease leaseeace PEACE eece fleeceeese geese 1iece PIECE niece
/v/3 eave cleave EAVE
leave sheave weaveeeve sleeve eve EVEieve grieve
/z/4 ease please tease
eese cheese eeze breeze freeze
sneeze tweeze wheeze
eize seizeese these eeze squeeze
/TH/5 eathe breathe
sheathe wreathe/th/
6 eath heath sheath wreath
Follow 2 vowel long rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow 2 vowel long rule
2 three
2 three
Page 8
Page 8
5 /ī/ (8) i: I HI PI aye: AYEeye : EYEie: DIE fie LIE PIE tie vieigh: HIGH nigh sigh thighuy: BUY guyy: BY cry dry fly fry my ply pry shy sky sly spry spy sty thy try why WRYye: DYE LYE RYE
6 /b/ (1) ibe: bribe GIBE JIBE scribe tribe vibe7 /d/ (3) ide: bide bride chide glide hide PRIDE ride side slide snide stride TIDE wide
ied: died dried fried lied pied PRIED TIED trieduide: guide
8 /ld/ (1) ild: child mild wild9 /nd/ (1) ind: bind blind find grind hind kind mind rind
10 /f/ (1) ife: fife knife life rife strife wife11 /k/ (2) ike: bike dike hike like mike pike shrike spike strike TIKE yke: TYKE12 /l/ (4) ile: bile file mile pile rile smile STILE tile vile WHILE WILE
isle: AISLE ISLE uile: guile yle: STYLE
13 /m/ (3) ime: chime CLIME crime dime grime lime mime prime RIME slime TIMEimb: CLIMByme: RHYME THYME
14 /n/ (2) ine: brine dine fine line mine nine pine shine shrine SINE spine swine tine twine vine WHINE WINE ign: SIGN
15 /p/ (2) ipe: gripe pipe ripe snipe stripe swipe tripe wipe ype: type 16 /r/ (5) ire: fire hire ire mire quire shire sire spire squire tire wire
ier: brier crier drier flieriar: LIAR oir: choir yre: lyre
17 /t/ (2) ite: BITE CITE kite MITE quite RITE SITE smite spite sprite trite white WRITEight: BIGHT blight bright fight flight fright KNIGHT light MIGHT NIGHT plight RIGHT SIGHT slight tight
/s/1 ice dice ice lice
mice nice price rice slice spice splice thrice trice twice VICE
ise VISEights: lights tights
/v/2 ive chive dive drive
five hive jivelive rive shrive strive thrive
/z/3 ies cries dies dries
flies fries lies pies skies ties tries
ise rise wiseize size prize
/TH/4 ithe blithe tithe
writhe scythe
Follow 2 vowel long rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow 2 vowel long rule
2 eye
2 eye
Page 9
Page 9
9 /ō/ (8) o: go HO NO pro SO THO oa: WHOAoe: DOE FLOE foe HOE roe SLOE throe TOE WOEew: SEW oh: OH ough: DOUGH THOUGH ow: blow bow crow FLOW glow grow KNOW low row show SLOW snow sow stow throw TOWowe: OWE
10 /b/ (1) obe: globe probe robe strobe 11 /d/ (2) ode: code LODE mode node ode RODE strode
oad: LOAD ROAD toad12 /ld/ (1) old: bold cold fold gold hold mold old scold sold told
13 /f/ (1) oaf: loaf oaf 14 /g/ (1) ogue: rogue vogue 15 /k/ (2) oke: broke choke co*ke joke poke smoke spoke stoke stroke woke yoke
oak: cloak croak oak soak 16 /lk/ (1) olk: folk yolk
17 /l/ (5)ole: dole HOLE mole POLE ROLE SOLE stole WHOLE oal: coal foal goal shoaloll: BOLL droll knoll POLL ROLL scroll stroll toll troll owl: BOWL oul: SOUL
18 /m/ (3) oam: foam loam ROAMome: chrome dome gnome home ROME tome omb: comb
19 /n/ (3) oan: groan LOAN moan roanone: bone clone cone crone drone hone LONE phone prone scone shone stone THRONE tone zoneown: blown flown grown known mown own shown sown THROWN
20 /p/ (2) ope: cope dope grope hope lope mope nope pope rope scope slope oap: soap
21 /t/ (2) oat: bloat boat COAT float gloat goat MOAT oat shoat throat ote: COTE dote MOTE note quote ROTE tote vote WROTE
22 /lt/ (1) olt: bolt colt dolt jolt molt volt 23 /st/ (2) oast: boast coast roast toast
ost: ghost host most post24 /ch/ (1) oach: broach coach poach roach
/s/1 oss gross2 ose dose 3 oax coax hoax
/v/4 ove
clove cove drove grove rove stove trove wove
/z/5 ose
close hose nose pose prose rose those
6 ozedoze froze
/TH/7 othe clothe
/th/8 oath oath
oth bothowth growth
Follow 2 vowel long rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow 2 vowel long rule
2
2
Page 10
Page10
3 /ū/ (3) ue: hueewe: EWE ou: YOU
4 /l/ (2) ule: mule pule yuleuel: fuel
5 /m/ (1) ume: fume spume6 /t/ (1) ute: brute chute cute flute jute lute mute (Also in TWO group)
/j/1 uge huge
/z/2 use fuse use
Follow 2 vowel long rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow 2 vowel long rule
2
2
Page 11
Page11
5 /ar/ (2) ar: bar car char CZAR far jar mar par scar spar star tar TSAR TZARare: are
6 /b/ (1) arb: barb garb7 /d/ (2) ard: bard card hard lard shard yard
uard: guard 8 /f/ (1) arf: scarf9 /k/ (2) ark: ARK bark dark hark lark mark park shark spark stark
arc: ARC10 /l/ (1)arl: snarl11 /m/ (1) arm: arm charm farm harm12 /n/ (1) arn: barn darn yarn13 /p/ (1) arp: carp harp sharp tarp14 /t/ (2) art: art cart chart dart mart part smart start tart
eart: heart15 /ch/ (1) arch: arch larch march March parch starch16 /sh/ (1) arsh: harsh marsh
/j/1 arge
barge charge large
/s/2 arce
farcearseparse sparse
/v/3 arve
carve starve
/th/4 earth
hearth
Follow ar R Controlled rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow ar R Controlled rule
Page 12
Page12
9 /ir/ (8) er: her per ere: WERE err: errir: FIR sir stir WHIR irr: SHIRRour: tourur: blur BUR cur FUR slur spur ure: cure lure pure SURE
urr: BURR 10 /b/ (2) erb: herb verb urb: blurb curb11 /d/ (5) erd: HERD nerd eard: HEARD
ird: bird gird thirdord: word urd: curd
12 /ld/ (1) orld: world13 /f/ (2) erf: SERF urf: scurf SURF turf14 /g/ (1) erg: berg15 /k/ (4) erk: clerk jerk perk
irk: dirk irk quirk shirk smirkork: workurk: lurk
16 /l/ (4) earl: earl PEARL irl: girl swirl twirl WHIRLorl: WHORL url: burl churl curl furl hurl PURL
17 /m/ (3) erm: berm germ term irm: firm squirm orm: worm18 /n/ (3) earn: earn learn yearn
ern: fern stern TERNurn: burn churn spurn TURN urn
19 /p/ (3) erp: twerp irp: chirp urp: burp slurp
20 /t/ (3) ert: pert irt: dirt flirt shirt skirt squirt urt: blurt curt hurt spurt21 /st/ (3) irst: first thirst orst: worst urst: burst
22 /ch/ (4) earch: search erch: perch irch: birch urch: church lurch
/j/1 erge merge serge
vergeourge scourgeurge purge splurge
surge urge/s/
2 earse hearseerse
terse verseorse worseurse curse nurse purse
/v/3 erve
nerve serve swerve verve
urve curve
/z/4 ers hers
/th/5 earth earth dearth 6 erth BERTH7 irth
BIRTH firth girth mirth
8 orth worth
Follow er/ir/ur R Controlled rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow er/ir/ur R Controlled rule
earth
earth
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5 /or/ (6) oar: BOAR OAR roar SOARoor: BOOR door floor MOOR POOR SPOORor: FOR nor OR TORore: BORE chore core FORE gore lore MORE ORE PORE score shore snore SORE SPORE store swore
TORE WORE YOREour: FOUR POUR YOURar: WAR
6 /b/ (1) orb: orb7 /d/ (4) ord: CHORD CORD fjord lord sword
oard: board hoardourd: gourdard: ward
8 /f/ (1) arf: wharf9 /k/ (1) ork: cork fork pork stork
10 /m/ (2) orm: dorm form norm stormarm: swarm warm
11 /n/ (3) orn: born corn horn MORN scorn shorn sworn thorn torn WORNourn: MOURNarn: WARN
12 /p/ (1) arp: warp13 /t/ (3) ort: fort port short snort sort sport tort
ourt: courtart: thwart wart
14 /ch/ (1) orch: porch scorch
/j/1 orge
forge gorge
/s/2 oarse
COARSEHOARSEorceforceorseHORSEource sourceourse COURSE
3 orpse corpse
/th/4 orth forth north
Follow or/ore R Controlled rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow or/ore R Controlled rule
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1 /air/ (5) air: AIR chair FAIR FLAIR HAIR lair PAIR STAIRare: BARE blare care dare FARE FLARE glare HARE mare PARE rare scare share snare spare square
STARE TARE WAREear: BEAR PEAR swear TEAR WEAReir: HEIR THEIR WEIRere: THERE WHERE
Follow air/are R Controlled rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow air/are R Controlled rulechair
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2 /ear/ (5) ear: clear DEAR ear fear gear HEAR near rear SEAR SHEAR smear spear TEAR yeareer: BEER cheer DEER jeer leer PEER SEER SHEER sneer steer veereir: weirere: HERE mere sphereier: BIER PIER TIER
3 /d/ (2) eard: beardeird: weird
/s/1 ierce
fierce pierce
Follow ear/eer/ere R Controlled rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow ear/eer/ere R Controlled rule
1 /ire/ (5) ire: fire hire ire mire shire sire spire tire wireuire: quire squireier: brier crier drier flieriar: liaryre: lyre
Follow ire/ier/iar/yre R Controlled rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow ire/ier/iar/yre R Controlled rule
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10 /ew/ (11) ew: BLEW brew chew CLEW crew DEW drew EWE few FLEW grew HEW KNEW mew NEW pew screw shrew skew SLEW spew stew strew THREW yew
ieu: lieu iew: viewo: DO TO TWO who oe: shoeoo: boo COO goo moo shoo TOO woo zooou: YOU ough: THROUGHoup: COUP u: FLU GNU THRUue: BLUE CLUE CUE DUE FLUE HUE rue SLUE sue true ueue: QUEUE
11 /b/ (1) ube: cube rube tube12 /d/ (3) ewd: shrewd
ood: brood food mood ROODude: crude dude nude prude RUDE
13 /nd/ (1) ound: wound14 /f/ (1) oof: goof proof roof spoof15 /k/ (2) ook: kook spook uke: duke fluke nuke puke16 /l/ (3) ool: cool drool fool pool school spool stool tool uel: cruel ule: rule17 /m/ (3) oom: bloom boom broom doom gloom groom loom room zoom
ume: flume fume plume omb: tomb 18 /n/ (2) oon: boon coon croon goon loon moon noon soon spoon swoon une: June prune tune19 /p/ (4) oop: coop droop hoop loop scoop sloop snoop stoop swoop TROOP whoop
upe: dupe oup: croup group soup stoup oupe: coupe TROUPE20 /t/ (4) oot: boot coot hoot loot moot ROOT scoot shoot SOOT toot
uit: fruit SUIT oute: ROUTEute: brute chute cute flute jute lute mute (Also in UNICORN group)
21 /st/ (1) oost: boost roost22 /r/ (1) our: tour23 /ch/ (1) ooch: mooch smooch
/j/1 ooge stooge
/s/2 oose
goose loose MOOSE noose
ousse MOUSSEuce spruce truceuice juice sluice
/v/3 ove move prove
oove groove/z/
4 oose chooseooze ooze
snoozeose lose whoseuise bruise cruise
5 use use fuse muse ruse/zh/
6 uge luge/TH/
7 oothe sootheooth smooth
/th/8 euth sleuth9 ooth booth tooth
outh youth uth truth
Follow oo/ou/ew Diphthong rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow oo/ou/ew Diphthong rule
4 two
4 two
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7 /aw/ (2) aw: caw claw draw flaw gnaw jaw law maw paw raw saw slaw straw thaw yawawe: awe
8 /b/ (1) aub: daub9 /d/ (1) aud: baud fraud laud
10 /ld/ (1) ald: scald11 /f/ (2) off: off
ough: cough trough12 /g/ (1) og: bog clog dog flog fog frog hog log smog tog (also found in OCTOPUS group) 13 /ng/ (1) ong: long song strong thong wrong14 /l/ (3) all: ALL BALL call fall gall hall mall pall small squall stall tall thrall wall
aul: haul maulawl: AWL BAWL brawl crawl drawl pawl scrawl shawl sprawl trawl yawl
15 /k/ (1) awk: gawk hawk squawk16 /lk/ (2) alk: balk CALK chalk stalk talk walk
aulk: CAULK17 /n/ (1) aun: FAUN
awn: brawn dawn drawn FAWN lawn pawn prawn spawn yawn18 /t/ (3) aut: TAUT
aught: caught fraught naught TAUGHTought: bought brought fought ought sought thought wrought
19 /ft/ (1) oft: loft oft soft20 /lt/ (2) alt: halt malt salt
ault: fault vault21 /nt/ (1) aunt: daunt flaunt gaunt haunt jaunt taunt vaunt22 /rt/ (1) uart: quart23 /st/ (1) ost: cost frost lost
24 /nch/ (1) aunch: haunch launch paunch staunch
/s/1 auce sauce
ossboss crossdross flossgloss lossmoss toss
/v/2 auve mauve
/z/3 altz waltz4 quartz quartz5 ause
cause clause pause
auze gauze
/th/6 oth
broth clothfroth mothsloth wroth
Follow au/aw Diphthong rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow au/aw Diphthong rule
4
4
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7 /ow/ (2) ou: thouow: bow brow chow cow how now plow prow scow sow vow
8 /d/ (2) oud: cloud loud proud shroudowd: crowd
9 /nd/ (1) ound: bound found ground hound mound pound round sound wound10 /l/ (2) oul: FOUL
owl: cowl FOWL growl howl jowl owl prowl scowl yowl11 /n/ (2) oun: noun
own: brown clown crown down drown frown gown town12 /r/ (1) our: HOUR OUR scour sour13 /t/ (4) out: bout clout flout gout grout lout out pout ROUT scout shout snout spout sprout stout tout trout
oubt: doubtought: drought oute: ROUTE
14 /nt/(1) ount: mount15 /st/ (1) oust: joust oust
16 /ch/ (1) ouch: couch crouch grouch pouch slouch vouch
/j/1 ouge gouge
/s/2 ounce
bounce flounce jounce ounce pounce trounce
3 ouseblouse grouse house louse mouse rouse souse spouse
owse dowse
/v/4 olve solve
/z/5 owse
browse drowse
/th/6 outh south
Follow ou/ow Diphthong rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow ou/ow Diphthong rule
4
4
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3 /oy/ (2) oy: BOY cloy coy joy ploy soy toy troy ouy: BOUY
4 /d/ (1) oid: void5 /l/ (2) oil: boil broil coil foil oil roil soil spoil toil
oile: voile6 /n/ (1) oin: COIN groin join loin QUOIN
7 /nt/ (1) oint: joint point8 /t/ (1) uoit: quoit
/s/1 oice
choice voice
/z/2 oise
poise noise
Follow oi/oy Diphthong rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow oi/oy Diphthong rule
4
4
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1 /d/ (2) ood: good hood stood WOODould: could should WOULD
2 /f/ (1) oof: hoof roof woof3 /lf/ (1) olf: wolf
4 /k/ (1) ook: book brook cook crook hook look nook rook shook5 /l/ (1) ool: wool6 /l/ (1) ull: bull full pull7 /t/ (1) ut: put8 /tch/ (1) utch: butch9 /sh/ (1) ush: bush push
Follow oo Diphthong rule hom*oPHONES - SOUND ALIKE Do not follow oo Diphthong rule
4 cook
4 cook
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Morphinga
Word
Root Word Plural or Action+ s + es + z
Person or Thing+ er + or
Now or in the future+ ing
In the past+ ed
Inflectional Morphing - Word EndingsSpelling Rules
NEW NEW
Four Types of
Vocabulary
Steps for using the morphing spelling rule matrix and writing sheet.
1. Say and write the root word (single or multi-syllable words).2. Look at the last letter of the word. Does it end with a vowel or a consonant?3. If it ends with a vowel, use the four columns under Vowel Ending:
1. Choose the correct vowel ending column based on the word’s ending.2. Use the intersection of the rule column and the morphing type column
and write the morphed word.4. If it ends with a consonant, use one of the three columns under Consonant
Ending:1. If the word ending matches the Hissing column, use the intersection of the
rule column and the morphing type column and write the morphed word.2. Otherwise, identify the length of the rime.
Find the last letter. Underline it. Underline RIGHT to LEFT until you run out of vowels. Count the letters that are underlined. Choose the rime length column. Examples: run drill toast letter grapefruit vacation
3. Use the intersection of the rule column and the morphing type columnand write the morphed word.
In order for the student to morph a root word, the resulting words must be in their listening or speaking vocabulary. You may need to prompt:
I run to school. She xxx (runs) to school.I run fast. I am a fast xxx (runner.)I like to run to school. I am xxx (running) to school.I run to school every day. Yesterday I xxx (ran) to school.
Four Types ofVocabulary
cat-run-mowNEW
cats-runs-mows
+ ing
+ ed
/ed/
/d/
/t/
key wordSounds for ed:
toasted new syllable
grilled voiced
baked unvoiced
